The text presents arguments, demonstrating what domain belongs to philosophy and what areas are ""unphilosophical"" and at time ""antiphilosophical."" The ""unphilosophical"" systems are claims are based on the notion--even if not explicit--of ""man as the measure of things,"" while the unphilosophical"" trend consists of pronouncements whose veracity is not to be questioned. Since philosophy, in principle, is a quest for rational justification of any claim, then its questioning of those pronouncements leads to the denouncement and, in principle, forbidding, destruction of philosophical...

The usual notion of incarceration suggests specific locations in a given society: prisons or, in gentler form, psychiatric institutions. This notion will be incorporated in the text in various and much broader contexts. We investigate civilizations and their specific cultures in terms of their compositions which may aincarceratea a person without specific facilities: More recent and still continuous examples are Fascistic and Communist empires, or traditional autocratic and theocratic systems. In addition, there are civilizations which, while open and democratic, might exclude various groups...

The usual notion of incarceration suggests specific locations in a given society: prisons or, in gentler form, psychiatric institutions. This notion will be incorporated in the text in various and much broader contexts. We investigate civilizations and their specific cultures in terms of their compositions which may aincarceratea a person without specific facilities: More recent and still continuous examples are Fascistic and Communist empires, or traditional autocratic and theocratic systems. In addition, there are civilizations which, while open and democratic, might exclude various groups...