Demand for energy and water is increasing as a result of rapid economic, population, and industrial growth. By 2050, it is expected that global energy consumption will nearly double in tandem with world water demand. Because of competing demands for finite resources, existing water and energy systems are limited in their ability to satisfy these expanding needs. Furthermore, rapid population and industrial development inevitably result in the generation of a significant amount of wastewater laden with toxins, persistent inorganic and organic pollutants, and other toxic emissions emitted from...