The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has generated much uncertainty around the HE landscape. Global lockdown measures led to university campuses closing and moving to an online mode for teaching and learning. Scholars have reported that the physical closure of HE institutions has been detrimental to student learning worldwide, whilst others have advocated the possible opportunities that may arise from reshaping HE through technologies. The disruption caused to education by the pandemic has had a significant impact on the learning experience for students; self-directed study time has...