Agencies plan to spend more than $96 billion on IT in fiscal year 2018; however, they continue to face longstanding challenges in doing so. Congress established the Chief Information Officers (CIO) position to serve as an agency focal point for IT to address these challenges. Recognizing the importance of the CIO position to successful IT management a government-wide review of CIO responsibilities was conducted. The objective of chapter 1 is to determine the extent to which agencies have addressed the role of the CIO in accordance with federal laws and guidance, and major factors that have...