From Hippocratic medicine through modern theory, the concept and physiopathology of pain has been developed from religious and philosophical to a more scientific concept. Different cultures have developed different words to express pain and we are still far from a comprehensive understanding of pain. In clinical practice, a good understanding of history is important and multidisciplinary collaboration should be used to help the patient with both acute and chronic pain. In this book we have gathered evidence from international researchers and practitioners involved with both acute and chronic...

This book furnishes a rich description and discussion on the theory and practice of DPYD (digital positive youth development) games, in particular, design, implementation, and initial evaluation. Chapters show a concerted and creative effort in providing preventive measures on commonly found adolescent developmental issues. They also demonstrate that the newly developed and specially designed games are in general efficient and effective measures to promote youth development and prevent some common adolescent problems from deteriorating in contemporary urban societies. Initial users'...

Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and adolescence are all issues that should be of a public health concern now that many states have legalized the sale and use of cannabis. More thought and research is needed to identify which programs and prevention strategies are most effective in reducing youth use and initiation of marijuana. In this book we have gathered work by international researchers and presented papers on infant mortality in Indiana, discussion of pediatric immunizations, medical cannabis for epilepsy, issues concerned with food insecurity, food additives, various aspects of adolescent...

Break the Cycle of Children's Environmental Health Disparities (BTC) is an annual collaborative interdisciplinary research and training program involving university students in academic tracks that focus on the impact of adverse social, economic and environmental factors on children's health, development and education. The target populations are communities where environmental hazards are related to circumstances of social and economic disadvantage. Each student develops a project that focuses on preventing or reducing adverse environmental factors to benefit the children who live in these...

In this book we wanted to identify trajectories of health and their associations with lifestyle factors in a national representative cohort study of older Mexicans. We used secondary data from the Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) second wave 2014-15 in Mexico. The average healthy life expectancy of older Mexicans has actually declined over the past decade. Limited access to nutrition resources and unhealthy dietary styles, due to high poverty, have led to increasing chronic diseases like diabetes among older Mexican adults, which in turn create further financial problems as a...

In this book we have gathered recent research related to cancer and cancer treatment and care. We also present research on pharmacy in cancer treatment, a few papers on breast cancer, research on bone metastases, radiation therapy and some pilot programs on telemedicine in cancer care, prostate cancer screening in Guyana, cost analysis of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in Canada and early oncology rehabilitation for lymphoma patients in Singapore. We hope this research will be of interest to our readers.

A survey of the literature showed that most research studies in children, adolescents and families have been conducted in Western contexts, which may not be applicable to non-Western contexts. Hence, research on children, adolescents and families in non-Western contexts is particularly important and we therefore need to enrich human development and family research in the Chinese context. In this book, we included 16 chapters to demonstrate the advances in Chinese children, adolescents, and family research. And it is our sincere hope that through this book, we can attempt to conduct more...

Disability can be transient, partly or permanent and take many forms and shapes. Disability can be a mental or physical illness or a condition that affects a major life function over the long term. Disability is a term also used in the labor market and worker compensation field to describe any lasting impairment that remains after a worker has been treated and allowed time to recover. A permanent disability could be as severe as the loss of an eye or as moderate as a broken leg that healed leaving the inability to walk normally. In this book we have gathered research on various aspects of...

Much research has been conducted to provide researchers and hearing healthcare professionals with updated information in regard to hearing assessments, results interpretation and case management. This ongoing research is particularly imperative to guide clinicians with optimized methods in assessing and managing pediatric patients with hearing impairment and disability. As such, tremendous research efforts have been made in determining the most optimum methods in assessing hearing using both subjective and objective tests. Since hearing loss can occur due to disrupted peripheral and/or...

Over the past decade, the regional governments in Grenada and the Caribbean region, together with public health and clinical institutions, have turned their attention to tacking the rising prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases, in particular, hypertension, diabetes and cancer. The emergence and rising prevalence of these lifestyle diseases are suggestive of a correlation with the cultural transformation that overtook the region. In the first quarter of 2020, the region's health landscape turned another corner with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Improving the health status...