Drawing on the extensive clinical and research expertise of the Mayo Clinic Neural Engineering Laboratory, USA, led by Kendall H. Lee, MD, PhD, this book addresses the history of therapeutic electrical stimulation of the brain, its current application and outcomes, as well as theories about its underlying mechanisms. It reviews cutting-edge research on measures of local stimulation-evoked neurochemical release, latest imaging research on stimulation-induced neural circuitry activation, and the state of the art on closed-loop feedback devices for stimulation delivery.