Focusing on Cardiff, the capital city of Wales in the UK, this book reflects on a contemporary small European city its development, characteristics, and present struggles. Following a century in which it was dubbed the world s coaltropolis, the decline in demand for coal meant that Cardiff endured an acute process of de-industrialisation. In seeking to address this and the related high levels of unemployment, it has experienced a process of cultural and social reinvention since the 1980s, and more significantly after Wales turned into a devolved nation in the late 1990s. Cardiff s...