The overall content of this book is organized around two main parts. The first part is concerned with the modeling of optimization problems while the second part deals with the analysis of optimization problems. As introduction to the issues related to both modeling and analysis of optimization scenarios, we provide an explanatory state-of-the-art over-viewing the concepts of "Lagrange Relaxation" and "Neuron Dynamics" to explore possible answers to the various research questions concerning to different optimization issues.As proof of concept, we envisage a second order ordinary differential...