Compiling state of the art approaches in mathematical modeling of lithium batteries, this monograph develops a theoretical framework of various modeling approaches, and discusses recent trends in research and their applications and limitations. It draws together the plethora of existing published research, and provides a much-needed coherent framework of battery modelling techniques. The book explores electrochemical models (EM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy models (EIS), equivalent circuit models (ECM) and reduced order models (ROM), as well as fundamental theory, equations,...