Economic development has cyclical dynamics and long-term dynamics the latter are typically related to demographical changes, innovation and long-term insti- tional changes in open economies. Financial markets that means mainly capital markets and labor markets are affected in OECD countries both by innovations and institutional reforms. As regards demographics ageing is a typical challenge on both sides of the Atlantic, and pension reforms in industrialized countries have placed greater emphasis on capital markets than in previous decades. Innovation dynamics certainly are also quite...