Diabetes is associated with enhanced thrombin generation, atherothrombosis and vascular remodelling. Clotting factor thrombin could modify these pathologies via protease-activated receptors- PAR-1, PAR-3 and PAR-4, exerting pleiotropic effects on vascular cells. This study investigates the possible regulation of thrombin receptors by high glucose in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). Treatment of human saphenous vein SMCs with high glucose selectively increased PAR-4 but not PAR-1 and PAR-3 expression, which was mediated via PKC and NF B. High glucose mediated-ROS generation via NAD(P)H...