Arbitration is one form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). It must be taken into account that ADR was envisioned as an alternative to litigation, with its own manifest of substantive and procedural characteristics. To that extent, arbitration enhances access to justice by permitting claimants to bring claims they could not afford to bring to court. International commercial arbitration is a legally binding dispute resolution process that substitutes for domestic courts. Arbitration began as an extrajudicial mechanism for resolving disputes. Arbitration took its rise in the very infancy...

Arbitration is one form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). It must be taken into account that ADR was envisioned as an alternative to litigation, with its own manifest of substantive and procedural characteristics. To that extent, arbitration enhances access to justice by permitting claimants to bring claims they could not afford to bring to court. International commercial arbitration is a legally binding dispute resolution process that substitutes for domestic courts. Arbitration began as an extrajudicial mechanism for resolving disputes. Arbitration took its rise in the very infancy...

Europe is currently caught in a malfunction triangle between national politics, European policies, and global markets. Moreover, the democratic politics of the EU have remained national. Moreover, a single currency has been established without establishing a set of institutions to facilitate any regions of Europe to operate efficiently. The European area has been going through a lengthened period of weak economic activity and very low inflation, and there is a need to strengthen its Economic and Monetary Union, based on political stability, so as to upsurge its resilience to economic shocks. ...

The globalization of trade in goods and services has opened up new and more and more vast markets and so financial markets have triggered sharp growth in investment portfolios and large movements of short-term capital, with borrowers and investors interacting through a more and more unified market. Cyberspace is a global network of computers linked by high-speed data lines and wireless systems and so cyberspace can strengthen national and global governance. Financial crimes are types of economic crimes which implicate using instruments and institutions of the financial market for getting...