This book is the latest volume in the Recent Advances in Ophthalmology series providing ophthalmic trainees and ophthalmologists with the latest surgical and technological developments in the field. Divided into 14 chapters, the text begins with discussion on the effects on the eye of COVID 19. The next sections provide state of the art knowledge on the diagnosis of eye diseases using artificial intelligence, and robotic surgery. Each of the following sections covers recent trends and advances in the diagnosis and management of a different ocular disorder. The...

This fourth edition presents ophthalmologists and trainees with the most recent developments and research in ophthalmic diagnostic procedures. Beginning with discussion on assessment of visual acuity, each of the following chapters describes diagnostic investigations for numerous ocular disorders, covering both routine and advanced procedures. Existing chapters from previous editions have been fully revised and four new topics added - fundus autofluorescence angiography, optical coherence tomography in retinal diseases, videonystagmography, and cerebral angiography in...