The opening chapter of Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 143 discusses the main indications of prophylactic oophorectomy, as well as its risks, benefits and impacts on women's quality of life. Additionally, the authors examine PEGylation, a chemical reaction that allows for the conjugation of a polyethylene-glycol group to another compound. Since the commercial release of adagen, the first approved PEGylated drug, PEGylation has proven to be a successful strategy for the generation of efficient drugs. Following this, this compilation analyzes the morphological and functional disorders...