Although personality assessment and delineation was attempted as early as the fifth century, the intensive study of human personality characteristics and efforts to measure them are less than two hundred years old. Instruments to measure the unconscious aspects of personality began to emerge early in the twentieth century, largely as a result of the work of those interested in the measurement of human perception. The Bender Gestalt Test was catapulted into prominence when World War II provided an urgent need for personality tests to diagnose huge numbers of American soldiers who were...