The provision of advanced Russian military technology has been critical for the development of China's anti-access/area-denial (A2AD) capability. This study focuses on one aspect of the relationship, namely Russia's contribution to the PLA Navy's surface and anti-surface warfare capabilities. Following a discussion of the role of the fleet in China's A2AD strategy, the author examines in depth the specific warships, anti-ship missile systems, and air defense systems that Russia has been providing. Next, he considers specifically how Russian technology has translated into new military...