Urinary tumor markers that help in the early detection of bladder cancer promise a particular improvement in sensitivity, specificity and convenience over conventional, invasive diagnostic tests. This book present our research work which assessed the diagnostic efficacy of urinary survivin RNA for early detection of bladder cancer. The study included 78 bladder cancer patients, 61 patients with Schistosomal cystitis and 50 healthy volunteers. All underwent serological assessment of Schistosomiasis antibody, urine cytology, and survivin RNA estimation by qualitative and semiquantative...

Bladder cancer is an important public health problem in Egypt which constitutes 30% of all cancers. Cytology could serve as an excellent test for screening but it is of lower sensitivity. Early diagnosis is critical for maximizing the cure rate of bladder cancer patients, so many urine-based tumor markers have been developed for use in detecting and monitoring bladder cancers. Hypermethylation of CpG islands in the promoter regions of RAR 2 tumor suppressor gene is a major event in the origin of many cancers. In the present study detection of methylated RAR 2 gene was done in the urine of 183...