The LNCS journal Transactions on Computational Science reflects recent developments in the field of Computational Science, conceiving the field not as a mere ancillary science but rather as an innovative approach supporting many other scientific disciplines. The journal focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of computational science in parallel and distributed environments, encompassing the facilitating theoretical foundations and the applications of large-scale computations and massive data processing. It addresses researchers and practitioners in areas ranging from aerospace...

This, the 21st issue of the Transactions on Computational Science journal, edited by Ajith Abraham, is devoted to the topic of nature-inspired computing and applications. The 15 full papers included in the volume focus on the topics of neurocomputing, evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, artificial immune systems, membrane computing, computing with words, artificial life and hybrid approaches.