Physiotherapy and rehabilitation applications in neurological diseases are important for the treatment of the disease. The basic principle of physiotherapy and rehabilitation is to determine the needs of the patient. As such, the authors discuss the evaluation of the motor functions of neurological diseases for upper and lower extremities separately, as well as sensorial functions and cognitive functions. Next, a literature review draws attention to studies in which sex was a controlled variable, and presents data regarding sexual dimorphism in a range of aspects developed after brain injury....