Hyperglycemia is the central metabolic abnormality in diabetes mellitus and it serves as the basis for making the diagnosis in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the causes, symptoms and treatment options for hyperglycemia. Topics discussed include the ethiopathogenesis of stress hyperglycemia and its observation in acute coronary syndrome (ACS); developmental programming of hyperglycemia and metabolic outcomes; the role of hyperglycemia in diabetic nephropathy; and management of hyperglycemia in diabetic vascular disease.