Diabetic patients who require surgery present special challenges in perioperative management. Special attention must be paid to prevention and treatment of metabolic derangements. There is a high frequency of heart failure accompanied by an increased mortality risk for patients with diabetes. The poor prognosis of these patients has been explained by an underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy exacerbated by hypertension and ischemic heart disease. This study was conducted to identify the indicators of cardiac risk among diabetic surgical patients, and the physiological implications for nursing...