Challenging much received wisdom about nation-states--how they form, what sustains them, why they fail--this study of subaltern social groups in the Chachapoyas region of Peru analyzes the emergence of the modern nation-state "from below." By approaching nation-state formation from the perspective of the subaltern, the book offers a critique of scholarship that sees coercion and the imposition of social and cultural forms as the core of nation-state expansion. This "coercive" view bears virtually no relation to the complex transformations in power, culture, and economy that resulted in the...