Sponsored by the Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering of ASCE.

This TCLEE Monograph studies seven large lifeline organizations that have undertaken significant seismic improvement programs. In spite of often-cited barriers to natural hazards risk reduction, these organizations demonstrate a variety of ways to start and sustain risk-reduction programs. In these economically and politically robust organizations, top-level managers and high-level inside technical seismic advocates learned from the damage done by past earthquakes to their systems or similar systems and...