Congenital heart defects (CHD) are cardiovascular malformations that generally occur due to aberrant development of a normal structure in the fetus, or failure of such a structure to progress beyond an early stage of embryonic or fetal development. Malformations are due to complex multi-factorial genetic and environmental causes. Children need more preventive care. Retarded eruption of teeth, orthodontic anomalies, enamel hypoplasias, and poor oral hygiene due to distraction, caused by the cardiac disease, are common clinical findings among patients with congenital heart disease If, in...
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are cardiovascular malformations that generally occur due to aberrant development of a normal structure in the fetus, o...