Fault is simply defined as a number of undesirable but unavoidable incidents that can temporarily disturb the stable condition of the power system that occurs when the insulation of the system fails at any point. Moreover, if a conducting object comes in contact with a bare power conductor, a short circuit, or fault, is said to have occurred. The causes of faults are many; they include lighting, wind damage, trees falling across transmission lines, vehicles or aircraft colliding with the transmission towers or poles, animals shorting lines or vandalism. The failure of insulation results in...

A high efficiency, low profile and high step-up dc-dc converter is proposed for low dc voltage renewable energy system. Generally, the power source such as photovoltaic array and the fuel cell stack have low voltage output because of that a high voltage step-up converter is required to boost the voltage much higher than the voltage level for front-end application. The efficiency and voltage gain of conventional dc-dc converter are limit due to the parasitic components. In order to solve the above mentioned problem, the proposed converter is based on active clamp technique and the converter is...