In recent decades, with the acceleration of urbanization and rapid economic development, research on underground space development and utilization, ground improvement, disaster prevention and control in engineering geology, environmental geotechnical engineering, and other fields is increasing. With the advance of computer technology and the progress of computing power, numerical simulation methods have become an indispensable means to solve geotechnical engineering problems. Most of the numerical methods used in geotechnical engineering are the finite difference method (FDM), finite element...

Analytical solutions are usually not available for most geotechnical problems, especially those related to people's daily lives. For applied and research problems, numerical methods and computer programs are needed for both. During the past forty years, many numerical methods have been developed and perfected for various types of engineering problems. Today, engineers are well adapted to use various computer programs to provide solutions to engineering problems. However, there are major problems in recent engineering works, and that is, most engineers are not familiar with the basics of...

Fuzzy logic is a revision of the scientific reasoning method based on the real pattern of human thought. This way of thinking was first proposed as vagueness theory by Max Black. Lotf Ali Asgarzadeh proposed fuzzy logic in 1965 based on the studies of Max Black. Fuzzy logic is opposed to Aristotelian binary logic. Fuzzy logic, which is defined in the dictionary as the condition of uncertainty and uncertainty, believes that ambiguity is the nature of science that humans do not need accurate information inputs, but are able to perform adaptive control between available information. Therefore,...

Groundwater is the main source of water supply in arid and semi-arid regions. The underground water in these areas is exposed to various types of pollution, such as sewage pollution, use of chemical and animal fertilizers, and industrial sewage pollution. In these areas, identifying polluted waters and managing them, as well as preventing them from becoming more polluted, are of great importance. The management of these waters causes conflicts between society, scientific centers and governments. It should be done by choosing the best option among the available options rather than choosing the...

Les solutions analytiques ne sont généralement pas disponibles pour la plupart des problèmes géotechniques, en particulier ceux liés à la vie quotidienne des gens. Pour les problèmes appliqués et de recherche, des méthodes numériques et des programmes informatiques sont nécessaires. Au cours des quarante dernières années, de nombreuses méthodes numériques ont été développées et perfectionnées pour différents types de problèmes d'ingénierie. Aujourd'hui, les ingénieurs sont bien adaptés à l'utilisation de divers programmes informatiques pour fournir des solutions aux...