Endodontic disease is a biofilm-mediated infection, and primary aim in the management of endodontic disease is the elimination of bacterial biofilm from the root canal system. The most common endodontic infection is caused by the surface-associated growth of microorganisms. It is important to apply the biofilm concept to endodontic microbiology to understand the pathogenic potential of the root canal microbiota. It is foremost to understand how the biofilm formed by root canal bacteria resists endodontic treatment measures. The dental biofilms are organized structures, which are complex...