ECC is the most common cause of partial or complete loss of coronal tooth structure in primary dentition. Carious destruction of tooth structure in a child leads to various abnormalities affecting, self-esteem, mastication, speech, maintenance of arch length and development of oral habits which in general causes disorientation of overall health. Hence, the treatment of the severely destructed teeth is important for the preservation of the tooth structure as well as improving the psychological esteem of child.

In the twenty -first century, greater emphasis must be placed on assessment of caries -risk, shifting patients to a low caries risk status, remineralizing noncavitated lesions, abandoning the surgical approach to caries management and repairing rather than replacing defective restorations. Beyond the well-established and currently used methods, some innovative and exciting techniques have shown early research successes that most likely will be used for early caries intervention in the future.

Owing to its globally high prevalence, dental caries is a 'pandemic' disease characterized by a high percentage of untreated carious cavities causing pain, discomfort and functional limitations. Untreated carious cavities, furthermore, has significant impact on the general health of children and on social and economic wellbeing of communities. The focus on caries has recently shifted to the development of methodologies for the detection of the early stages of caries lesions and the use of non-invasive treatment for these lesions. So, diagnosis of dental caries at early stage is very important...