Based on the social exchange theory (Blau, 1967), the researcher investigates the impact of two key Human Resources Management (HRM) actors on the affective commitment of employees: line managers and the HR department. The researcher examined the effect of these two HRM actors on the affective commitment of employees working in business sector in Egypt because, according to the research, perceived HRM rather than intended HRM is the primary driver of employee behaviours and attitudes. First, the researcher adopts the framework established by Gilbert, Winne, and Sels (2018), which tests the...