Systemic philosophical perspectives have revolutionized thought models in recent years. The new challenges for learning are not only less isolated, but also universalized, differentiated, particularized and holistic. The author analyzes theoretical and pragmatic approaches that represent orientations and categorizations in the continuum of philosophy and science and above all refer to synergetics, self-organization, 2nd order cybernetics (constructivism) and hybridization. She points out that thought processes, learning processes and operative processes as correlative-dynamic units explain...