Root fractures are defined as a fracture of a tooth that involves the dentin,cementum, and pulp. Root fractures may occur in any direction or orientation, and they are generally classified as vertical fractures (usually also involving the crown) or transverse (often called horizontal) root fractures.The patients are very conscious about their appearance whereas the specialist has to consider long-term biological function of that tooth in addition to aesthetic.Complicated and uncomplicated crown-root fractures posed the greatest difficulties for the dentists to establish adequate treatment...

Endodontic microsurgery, is a specialized dental procedure that uses a microscope for precise treatment of persistent or recurrent root canal infections. It involves making a small incision near the tooth, removing infected or damaged tissue, and repairing or resecting the root tip as needed. The use of a microscope provides enhanced visualization and accuracy, resulting in faster healing times and improved outcomes. Endodontic microsurgery is recommended when conventional root canal treatment has failed or when other treatment options are not feasible. It offers numerous benefits and is a...

The demand for treatment of an aesthetic anterior teeth by the patients is growing steadily. The most durable and predictable aesthetic correction of anterior teeth has been achieved by the preparation of full crowns for several years. However, this approach is undoubtedly more invasive with substantial removal of large amounts of sound tooth structure and possible adverse effects on adjacent pulp and periodontal tissues.Due to the introduction of adhesion technique in combination with restorative materials that feature transluscent properties similar to those of natural teeth minimally...