Perforations are the most common and frequent errors that occur during endodontic therapy, especially, in calcified canals and curved canals that affect the prognosis of the affected tooth. The diagnosis of dental pulp and/or periapical tissue previous to root perforation is an important predictor of prognosis along with location and size of exposure. Recently, new materials have been introduced for further improving the chances of a successful outcome when accompanied with the experience and expertise of the practitioner.

The treatment of root fracture may be a painstaking job for both dentists and patients. Therefore, an evidence-based clinical approach should be followed for the successful treatment of root fractures. The clinician should have a thorough knowledge of aetiological cause of fracture, classic signs and symptoms of fracture, availability and applicability of diagnostic methods, differential diagnosis, and factors determining the prognosis, so as to arrive at an appropriate diagnosis and design a suitable treatment protocol. This helps in distinguishing between restorable and non-restorable...

Successful root canal therapy depends on thorough debridement of pulpal tissue, dentin debris and infective microorganisms. Currently, it is impossible to predictably eradicate intraradicular infection with mechanical instrumentation alone. Therefore, irrigants are required to be used as an important addition in the disinfection process. Elimination of organic tissue and reduction of the microbial bio-burden remain a difficult task, especially in the apical-third of the root canal system because of anatomical irregularities. Microorganisms residing in these complex areas may flourish if they...

Die Endodontie ist einer der am schnellsten wachsenden Aspekte der täglichen klinischen Praxis. Mit dem anhaltenden Wachstum der Endodontie ist auch die Einführung neuester Techniken zur Wurzelkanaldesinfektion verbunden. Dieses Buch bietet einen umfassenden Einblick in die Anwendung der photodynamischen Therapie im Bereich der Endodontie. Das Buch enthält auch Informationen über die Anwendung der Therapie in verschiedenen anderen Bereichen der Zahnmedizin sowie über andere neueste Techniken der Wurzelkanaldesinfektion.

L'endodontie est l'un des aspects de la pratique clinique quotidienne qui connaît la croissance la plus rapide. L'introduction des dernières techniques de désinfection des canaux radiculaires est liée à la croissance soutenue de l'endodontie. Ce livre donne un aperçu complet de l'utilisation de la thérapie photodynamique dans le domaine de l'endodontie. Il présente également les utilisations de la thérapie dans divers autres domaines de la dentisterie, ainsi que d'autres techniques récentes de désinfection du canal radiculaire.

5G will be quickly become the new standard for cellular networks. The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly developing and expanding. 5G will increase cellular bandwidth by huge amounts, making it much easier for the Internet of Things to network large numbers of devices together. 5G will be 10 times faster than current LTE networks. This increase in speed will allow IoT devices to communicate and share data faster than ever. In this book, numerous investigations identified with routing protocols were explored. According to the examination finished, various multicast routing protocol is applied...

The concept of Minimally Invasive Endodontics calls for the treatment and prevention of pulpal pathoses and apical periodontitis, while causing the least amount of change to the dental hard tissues. This preserves the strength and function of endodontically treated tooth with the intent that it will last the patient's lifetime. Just as in medicine, the dental surgeon treating endodontic disease must develop new skills and dexterity in order to adapt to a limited working environment within the confines of the pulpal space. These skills include working with new instruments and irrigants for...