Endodontic management of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices is a significant challenge. Traditionally, apexification has been used to manage such teeth that have lost vitality by forming an apical barrier and thus filling material can be placed within the confines of the canal wherein, no tissue regeneration occurs. However, nowadays, with the development of regenerative endodontics, continued root development as well as apical closure and replacement of damaged pulp with viable tissues occurs which thereby restores the normal function and esthetics of the dentition,...

La gestion endodontique des dents permanentes immatures avec des pulpes nécrosées et des apex ouverts est un défi important. Traditionnellement, l'apexification a été utilisée pour gérer de telles dents qui ont perdu leur vitalité en formant une barrière apicale et ainsi le matériau d'obturation peut être placé dans les limites du canal où aucune régénération tissulaire ne se produit. Cependant, de nos jours, avec le développement de l'endodontie régénérative, le développement continu de la racine ainsi que la fermeture apicale et le remplacement de la pulpe endommagée...

Die endodontische Behandlung unreifer bleibender Zähne mit nekrotischem Zahnmark und offenen Wurzelspitzen stellt eine große Herausforderung dar. Traditionell wurden solche Zähne, die ihre Vitalität verloren haben, mit der Apexifikation behandelt, indem eine apikale Barriere gebildet wurde, so dass Füllungsmaterial innerhalb der Grenzen des Kanals platziert werden konnte, ohne dass eine Geweberegeneration stattfand. Heutzutage jedoch, mit der Entwicklung der regenerativen Endodontie, erfolgt eine kontinuierliche Wurzelentwicklung sowie ein apikaler Verschluss und ein Ersatz der...

Ergonomics and Occupational Hazards in Clinical Dentistry offers a comprehensive, evidence-based exploration of the multifaceted risks dental professionals face-ranging from musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and biological exposures to chemical, mechanical, psychosocial, and legal hazards. It highlights how poor posture, repetitive strain, inadequate equipment, and flawed operatory design contribute to chronic pain and early retirement. Through anatomical insights and clinical examples, the book details the pathogenesis of MSDs and their impact on practitioner longevity. It presents actionable...

This book emphasizes the importance of understanding caries risk assessment and management in adolescents, highlighting that caries remains a multifactorial, preventable disease, influenced by diet, saliva, oral microbiota, and socio-behavioral factors. It reviews various caries risk assessment tools and AAPD protocols, alongside caries activity tests. The work also details about the diverse diagnostic aids, underlining their role in early detection. Management approaches include preventive strategies and minimally invasive restorative techniques when necessary. It underscores individualized,...

The book focuses on Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP)-a congenital craniofacial deformity affecting appearance, feeding, speech, hearing, and psychology. It begins with the epidemiology, etiology, embryology, and classification of CLP, highlighting both genetic and environmental risk factors. The text discusses complications such as dental anomalies, speech and hearing impairments, nutritional challenges, and psychosocial issues. Treatment considerations are described across different growth stages, with early interventions like presurgical orthopedics and Nasoalveolar Molding (NAM) playing a...

Nutrition and diet form the foundation of human health, shaping growth, development, energy balance, and disease prevention. The document begins by explaining that diet refers to the consumption of foods to obtain nourishment and energy, while nutrition is the science of food and its relationship to health. Historically, nutrition research evolved from focusing on basic macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the nineteenth century, to the discovery of vitamins and amino acids in the early twentieth century, and later toward understanding how diet contributes to chronic...