Botulinum toxin is a highly toxic neurotoxin produced by anaerobic bacteria clostridium botulinum which causes a fatal disease called botulism. Presently it is finding its place in the therapeutic needs of medical and dental fields. With the ever-increasing popularity of nonsurgical enhancement and an increasing number of patients who have been treated, the demand for fillers continues to rise. Botox and dermal fillers are here to stay and with more and more intra oral uses of these materials, they are fast becoming an integral part of everyday dental practice including restorative,...

Cone beam computed tomography is a diagnostic imaging technology that is changing the way dental practitioners view the oral and maxillofacial complex as well as the teeth and the surrounding tissues. CBCT has been specifically designed to produce undistorted three dimensional images similar to computed tomography (CT), but at a lower equipment cost, simpler image acquisition, and lower patient radiation dose. However the two-dimensional diagnostic imaging has served dentistry well and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Intraoral and panoramic radiographs are the basic imaging...

Splinting refurbishes a functional occlusion by stabilizing mobile abutment teeth thereby helping to reestablish a psychological well-being for the patient by reducing symptoms like pain, discomfort and lack of usage that may be associated with hypermobility. An ideal splint should possess the following qualities: (1) simplicity and facility of construction and application; (2) economy of construction; (3) stability and efficiency; (4) accessibility to hygienic procedures by patient; (5) non-irritating to the gingival and oral tissues; (6) noninterference with other periodontal treatment; (7)...

The apparent strong desire of clinicians for the use of growth factors to facilitate reconstructive surgical procedures in particular by obviating the need for procurement of autogenous grafts is contrasted by the very limited availability of BMPs and TGFbetafor clinical application. Further, growth factors usually exist, as inactive or partially active precursors that require proteolytic activation, and may further require binding to matrix molecules for activity or stabilization. Growth factors also typically have short biological half-lives. As many cellular processes involved in...

Ridge augmentation is a procedure designed to enlarge or increase the size, extent, or quality of a deformed residual ridge. Ridge augmentation is intended to augment the alveolar ridge volume beyond the existing skeletal envelop on the edentulous site of a deficient alveolar ridge with the variety of materials and techniques to optimize the ridge profile, to re-establish inter maxillary ridge correlation, confirm esthetic outcomes, achieve the biomechanical requisite of the prosthesis and to confirm osseointegration and persistence of Implant. The purpose of soft tissue preservation and bone...