Effective learning (self-direction and collaboration), techno- and information literacy and an effective learning environment are the strongest predictors of effective e-learning. The combination of intention (motivation) and action (volition) are the two descriptive factors for conation. The study highlights existing models of conative factors and learner motivation as well as the relationships between conative factors with special reference to internal (pulling) and external (pushing) driving forces. In conclusion, the role of the conative domain in e-learning is seen as being the...