This text presents, within a wider context, a comprehensive account of noncommutative Noetherian rings. The author covers the major developments from the 1950s, stemming from Goldie's theorem and onward, including applications to group rings, enveloping algebras of Lie algebras, PI rings, differential operators, and localization theory. The book is not restricted to Noetherian rings, but discusses wider classes of rings where the methods apply more generally.