Algorithms are central to all areas of computer science, from compiler construction to numerical analysis to artificial intelligence. Throughout your academic and professional careers, you may be required to construct new algorithms, analyze existing algorithms, or modify algorithms to suit new purposes.

How do we know that such algorithms are correct? One method involves making claims about how we expect our programs to operate, and then constructing code that carries out these tasks. The key component of such reasoning is the invariant, and is the topic of this book.

In these pages, you...