Start with a single shape. Repeat it in some way--translation, reflection over a line, rotation around a point--and you have created symmetry.
Symmetry is a fundamental phenomenon in art, science, and nature that has been captured, described, and analyzed using mathematical concepts for a long time. Inspired by the geometric intuition of Bill Thurston and empowered by his own analytical skills, John Conway, with his coauthors, has developed a comprehensive mathematical theory of symmetry that allows the description and classification of symmetries in numerous geometric environments.
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Start with a single shape. Repeat it in some way--translation, reflection over a line, rotation around a point--and you have created symmetry.