According to mainstream democratic theory, the ideal citizen in a democracy should participate regularly in political activities and be well informed. The reality, however, is somewhat different. Election turnout is declining or low in many countries and studies have shown that most citizens are poorly informed about politics. This book discusses what consequences low turnout and low information might have: would higher levels of turnout and better informed citizens lead to different political outcomes in elections and other types of votes? This empirical analysis draws two conclusions....