Radiographic interpretation and differential diagnosis are vital in endodontics for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluation of outcomes. The advancement of dental radiology from conventional film to digital systems has improved image quality, reduced radiation dose, and increased diagnostic efficiency. Proper principles of radiographic selection and interpretation help in choosing the most appropriate imaging method while minimizing patient exposure.Radiographs are routinely used to assess root canal anatomy, detect periapical pathology, determine working length, identify...