Periodontal regeneration involves restoring the tissues that support teeth, including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. These structures are essential for tooth stability and oral health. Periodontal diseases, especially periodontitis, lead to progressive destruction of these tissues and are a major cause of tooth loss. Conventional periodontal therapies mainly control infection and slow disease progression but often result in tissue repair rather than true regeneration. Biomaterials provide a promising solution by acting as scaffolds for cell growth, carriers...