Tooth shade selection is central to restorative dentistry, as accurate color matching determines both esthetic and functional success. Traditional visual methods using shade guides like the VITA Classical and 3D-Master remain common due to their simplicity but are highly subjective, influenced by clinician experience, fatigue, lighting, and environmental factors. These limitations often result in variability and compromised outcomes. To address this, digital technologies such as spectrophotometers, colorimeters, digital cameras, and intraoral scanners have been developed, offering more...