Pediatric dentistry faces unique challenges due to the structural and physiological differences of primary teeth, making them more prone to caries and pulp injury. Traditional restorative materials restore function but lack interaction with dental tissues. Bioactive materials revolutionize care by releasing therapeutic ions, promoting remineralization, stimulating pulp repair, and reducing secondary caries. These include bioactive glass, calcium silicate cements, calcium phosphate-based materials, bioactive composites, and modified glass ionomers. Their biomimetic properties enable minimally...