The monograph by A.A. Ismailov and M.M. Muhammadyunusova explores how Uzbekistan can enhance its basic secondary education assessment system by aligning with the international PISA framework. It critiques the current reliance on memorization and advocates for a shift toward competency-based learning that fosters critical thinking and real-world application. Drawing on global research and national policy reforms, the authors emphasize the importance of measuring functional literacy in reading, math, and science. They analyze institutional foundations, assessment methodologies, and experimental...