Introduction to Articulators - are mechanical devices used in dentistry to simulate the jaw movements and spatial relationships of the maxilla and mandible. They are essential tools in prosthodontics for fabricating dental restorations such as crowns, bridges, and dentures with functional accuracy. Articulators help replicate mandibular movements like opening, closing, lateral, and protrusive motions, allowing dentists and technicians to evaluate occlusion and plan treatment effectively.There are different types of articulators, classified based on their complexity and the accuracy with which...

Ergonomics in dentistry focuses on designing dental workplaces, selecting equipment, and adopting techniques that promote the health, comfort, and efficiency of dental professionals. Applying ergonomic guidelines helps minimize the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), which are highly prevalent among dentists due to prolonged static postures, repetitive movements, and poorly designed tools. Key strategies include using properly designed chairs and hand instruments, maintaining good posture, optimizing operatory layouts, and implementing four-handed dentistry. International standards and...