Nutrition and diet form the foundation of human health, shaping growth, development, energy balance, and disease prevention. The document begins by explaining that diet refers to the consumption of foods to obtain nourishment and energy, while nutrition is the science of food and its relationship to health. Historically, nutrition research evolved from focusing on basic macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the nineteenth century, to the discovery of vitamins and amino acids in the early twentieth century, and later toward understanding how diet contributes to chronic...