The oral microbiome is a complex and diverse ecosystem that plays a key role in oral health. It consists of more than 700 species of bacteria, as well as fungi, viruses, and protozoa, which exist in a delicate balance. Disturbances in this balance, often caused by changes in lifestyle, diet, or hygiene, can lead to oral diseases such as periodontitis and dental caries. Recent studies have also suggested a possible link between the oral microbiome and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common type of oral cancer. Moreover, it is believed that persistent inflammation accounts for one...