The mass awakening in India after the First World War gave a new dimension to the Indian struggle for Independence. The emergence of M.K. Gandhi on the Indian political scene, his new techniques of mass mobilization, peasant upsurges, revolutionary activities and state peoples' movements, etc., alarmed the colonial power. The Indian National Con­gress approached the masses through its programme of non-cooperation, broadened its mass base and attempted to unite the people on a common platform?to?fight?British?imperialism.

The British reorganized their Intelligence Department to...