The apical third of the root plays a crucial role in endodontic treatment because of its complex anatomy and biological significance. This region includes the apical constriction, apical foramen, and lateral canals, which serve as key pathways for communication between the root canal system and the periradicular tissues. Due to the narrow and irregular morphology, effective instrumentation and disinfection are challenging. Biofilm persistence, anatomical variations, and the presence of accessory canals often compromise debridement in this area.From a clinical perspective, precise...