Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the lower jaw (mandible) to the skull, facilitating essential functions like chewing, speaking, and facial expression. Disorders of the TMJ, collectively known as temporomandibular disorders (TMD), can cause pain, restricted jaw movement, and diminished quality of life. While many TMD cases are managed conservatively with physical therapy, medications or splints, severe cases may require surgical intervention, including total joint replacement (TJR) of the TMJ. TMJ TJR is a complex procedure reserved for patients with advanced joint pathology, where less...

A myriad of surgical approaches to the craniomaxillofacial skeleton exist. Approaches to the craniomaxillofacial skeleton continue to evolve with the refinement of classic approaches and the advent of new technologies and approaches. Oral and maxillofacial surgery stands at the threshold of aesthetic surgery, and hence it is imperative to strive towards newer techniques that give better postoperative results. Surgery of the facial skeleton differs from general orthopedic surgery since the face is plainly visible to everyone, and a conspicuous scar may create a cosmetic deformity. Cosmetic...